How does the Brinell test work according to ISO 6506? Here is Easydur’s guide for professionals

The ISO 6506 standard is an essential reference for those involved in quality control of metallic materials. It precisely defines the procedures for conducting the Brinell hardness test, one of the most widely used methods for evaluating the mechanical properties of metals such as steel, cast iron, copper, and their alloys. Together with the experts at Easydur, an Italy-based company specializing in measurement systems for metal products, we explore the key points of this standard, its industrial applications, and the criteria for selecting the right hardness tester.

A standardized approach to hardness

ISO 6506-1:2015, currently in force also at the European level as UNI EN, describes in detail the principles and operating conditions of the Brinell test. This technique involves applying a hard metal ball to the surface of the specimen with a defined force and for a specific time. The resulting impression, measured with optical or digital instruments, allows the calculation of hardness in HBW (Hardness Brinell with a Tungsten ball).

The method is known for its reliability and repeatability, provided that certain requirements are met. The force must be applied progressively and without vibrations; the specimen must rest on a rigid base and be thick enough to avoid interference in the measurement. The diameter of the impression must also fall within precise ranges to ensure the validity of the result.

From theory to practice: the importance of a compliant hardness tester

In practical settings, a hardness tester designed in accordance with ISO 6506 is essential to meet the test specifications. Easydur designs instruments that can cover a wide load range, from 9.807 N up to 29.42 kN, ensuring high precision thanks to dedicated load cells and customized electronic systems.

These machines are equipped with electromechanical actuators with ball screws, hard metal detectors of various diameters, and integrated optical measurement systems with digital cameras. The automatic reading of the impression eliminates operator subjectivity errors and allows for use even in high-volume production environments, where time and repeatability are critical. The proprietary UniverseEd software further simplifies usage, offering advanced functions for result management, traceability, and data export in formats compatible with Industry 4.0 systems.

Advantages and limitations of the Brinell test

One of the main strengths of the Brinell method is its versatility. It can be applied to a wide range of metallic materials and is particularly useful in sectors where large or complex-shaped parts are tested, such as automotive or heavy machinery. Moreover, the stability of the results makes this test suitable for statistical quality control in production.

However, there are some limitations. For instance, it is not ideal for thin or very small specimens: Rockwell or Vickers hardness testers are recommended for such samples.

Additionally, the Brinell method requires a sufficiently flat and even support surface. This issue can be addressed with intelligent solutions like Easydur’s test heads with integrated milling systems, which automatically prepare the impression area, making the test more accurate and repeatable.

Making informed choices

Those performing hardness testing must consider various factors when selecting the most suitable instrument: the load range, the presence of ISO 6506-2 certification for calibration, ease of use, and the availability of service and spare parts over time. Easydur hardness testers are designed to meet these needs, combining mechanical robustness, electronic intelligence, and software upgradability.

In an industry increasingly focused on quality and digitalization, compliance with technical standards such as ISO 6506 is not just a formality but a real competitive advantage.

Would you like more technical details or want to see an Easydur hardness tester up close? The company team is available to help you choose the most suitable solution.